The Black World: Research Tools

These selected sites offer access to free, high-quality, databases of books, articles, oral histories, images, maps, interviews, and television programs. Some sites are specifically devoted to Africa and/or the African Diaspora, while others are more general but include materials of interest to research in the history and cultures of the black world.

• Books
• Newspapers and Periodicals
• Journals
• Images
• Maps
• Selected Sources for 17th to 19th Centuries Black History and Cultures
• Selected Sources for 20th to 21st Centuries Black History and Cultures
• Useful Tools

Books

Islamic Manuscripts from Mali by the Library of Congress, features 32 manuscripts from the Mamma Haidara Commemorative Library and the Library of Cheick Zayni Baye of Boujbeha, both in Timbuktu, Mali. The manuscripts are displayed in their entirety and showcase the wide variety of subjects covered by the written traditions of Timbuktu and West Africa. The manuscripts are written in various styles of the Arabic script.

Making of America Primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through Reconstruction. The collection currently contains approximately 10,000 books and 50,000 journal articles with 19th century imprints.

Many Books.net Access to thousands of electronic books, including more than a hundred by and about African Americans. Authors such as James Weldon Johnson, Frederick Douglass, William Wells Brown, Martin Delany, W. E. B. Du Bois, Moses Grandy, Booker T. Washington.

Project Gutenberg Electronic books: 27,000 titles, and access to 100,000 via the project's partners.

The Online Books Page Access to over 30,000 full books.

World Digital Library This multilingual site developed by the Library of Congress with the support of the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (Unesco) and 33 libraries makes available significant primary materials-books, manuscripts, maps, objects, photographs, and others-from countries and cultures around the world.

Wright American Fiction 1851-1875 There are currently 2,887 volumes (1,763 unedited, 1,124 fully edited and encoded) by over 1,400 authors.

Newspapers and Periodicals

Abolitionist Newspapers A few non-searchable issues of 19th and 20th centuries Rochester area newspapers including The Rights of Man, The North Star, Frederick Douglass' Paper, and The Northern Freeman.

Birmingham Iron Age All issues of the Alabama newspaper from 1874 to 1887.

Brooklyn Daily Eagle Fully searchable: 1841 to 1902

California Digital Newspaper Collection Over 150,000 pages of California newspapers spanning the years 1849 to 1911.

Chronicling America Allows user to search and view newspaper pages from 1880 to1910, and find information about American newspapers published between 1690 to the present.

Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection Currently includes 147 newspapers published in Colorado from 1859 to 1923.

Florida Digital Newspapers Library More than 70 newspapers from the 19th and 20th centuries.

Freedom's Journal The first African-American owned and operated newspaper published in the United States. The Journal was published weekly in New York City from 1827 to 1829. John B. Russwurm edited the journal alone between March 16, 1827 and March 28, 1829. Later, Samuel Cornish served as co-editor. Access to all 103 issues.

Georgia Historic Newspapers 1750-1925. The Colored Tribune (1876), The Cherokee Phoenix (1828 to1833). Other papers will be added when available.

Historic Missouri Newspaper Project Missouri newspapers from 1857 to 1879.

Historic Newspapers This University of Pennsylvania database provides access to hundreds of newspapers, some of which are available free.

Historic Newspapers in Washington Washington State newspapers 1853 to1892.

Kentuckiana Digital Library Kentucky newspapers from 1880 to 1910, including the Afro-American Mission Herald.

Making of America Primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through Reconstruction. The collection currently contains approximately 50,000 journal articles with 19th century imprints.

New Jersey Newspapers Various newspapers, 1860 to 1923.

The New South Newspaper Published in Beaufort and Port Royal, South Carolina, 1862 to1867. Offers a glimpse into an era of unprecedented social upheaval in the Lowcountry. Union forces occupied the district. Officials confiscated the abandoned properties and resold them to former slaves and Northerners. Abolitionists provided aid to the newly emancipated slaves, who comprised the overwhelming majority of district residents.

Northern New York Historical Newspapers The collection currently consists of more than 1,348,000 pages from 40 newspapers.

Old Magazines Articles American historical magazines.

Pennsylvania Civil War Era Collection Contains all the words, photographs, and advertisements from selected Pennsylvania newspapers published between 1831 and1877.

Richmond Daily Dispatch Searchable transcriptions of full issues of this Virginia newspaper from 1860 to1865.

Songs Without Words by the State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, is  a digital exhibit of anti-lynching drawings published in African American newspapers during the 1880s and 1890s. It makes available hard-to-find images that African American editors and artists used to shape political consciousness before 1900. 

Suffolk Historic Newspapers A searchable collection of New York's Suffolk's newspaper heritage dating back to 1839.

Virginia Gazette Published weekly in Williamsburg, 1736 to 1780; the news covered all Virginia and included some information for other colonies. The issues are not searchable but they are indexed.

Journals

African-American Archaeology Newsletter Addresses the subject areas of African Diasporas worldwide and related archaeological and historical studies.

African Sociological Review Articles and other academic communications from scholars in Africa and elsewhere regarding issues of African and general social analysis. Back issues from 1997.

African Studies Quarterly Online journal. Issues available since 1997.

The American Historical Review Journal of the American Historical Association. It includes scholarly articles and critical reviews of current publications in all fields of history. Founded in 1884 and chartered by Congress in 1889, its mission is to engage the interests of the entire discipline of history.

Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal Online journal that publishes original works by Caribbean writers and scholars worldwide.

Archive of African Journals Full access to back issues of 14 scholarly journals published in Africa in the social sciences and humanities.

Cahiers d'études africaines All articles online from 1960 to the present. An interdisciplinary review founded in 1960, the journal covers Africa and the African Diaspora. Primarily in French, but has articles in English.

The Journal of Southern Religion Scholarly journal devoted to the study of religion in the American South, full access to articles from 1998.

Southern Changes The Journal of the Southern Regional Council, 1978 to 2003. Atlanta-based Southern Regional Council published Southern Changes, a journal featuring social research, cultural analysis, reportage, commentary, reviews, and interviews by an extraordinary list of writers, scholars, and activists. Full-text versions of each issue.

Images

Africa Focus: Sights and Sounds of a Continent This collection contains more than 3,000 slides, 500 photographs, 50 hours of sounds from 45 different countries, as well as a large number of difficult to find texts.

African-American Photos for Paris Exposition 1900 The Paris Exposition of 1900 included a display devoted to the history and "present conditions" of African Americans. The Library of Congress holds approximately 220 mounted photographs reportedly displayed in the exhibition.

The Amistad Prisoners New Haven resident William H. Townsend made pen-and-ink sketches of the Amistad captives while they were awaiting trial.

The Atlantic Slave Trade and Slave Life in the Americas: A Visual Record African societies and cultures, and the transatlantic slave trade. Information, pictures, illustrations, portraits of African victims of the slave trade.

The Black Panthers Trial Courtroom Sketches by Robert Templeton of the 1970 trial of Bobby Seale, founder and national chairman of the Black Panther Party, and Ericka Huggins, head of the Party's New Haven chapter, charged with conspiracy to kidnap and murder one of the party's members.

Centre des Archives d'Outre-mer Access to numerous colonial photographs from Africa, Madagascar, and Indochina (in French).

Jackson Davis Collection of African American Educational Photographs Jackson Davis, an educational reformer and amateur photographer, took nearly 6,000 photographs of African-American schools, teachers and students throughout the Southeastern United States.

William P. Gottlieb Collection Over 1,600 photographs of celebrated jazz artists, documents the jazz scene from 1938 to 1948, primarily in New York City and Washington, D.C.

Teenie Harris Collection The Carnegie Museum of Art presents 54,000 images from this African-American photographer from Pittsburgh. Numbering upwards of 80,000 images, his archive represents the largest single collection of photographic images of any black community in the world.

Holsinger Photo Collection Contains 554 photographs of African Americans in Virginia.

Images of First-Person Narratives of the American South More than 100 images from 19th century books

Pictures of African Americans During World War II This National Archives and Records Administration site features 260 photographs illustrating African-American participation in World War II.

Posters from Africa A comprehensive collection of 590 posters published in Africa and elsewhere.

Prints and Photographs From the Library of Congress. A search for 'African Americans' yields about 5,000 images; 'Africa' more than 6,000.

The Royal Commonwealth Society Photograph Collection This site contains over 650 digitized images from all over the world, dating from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s.

Royal Geographical Society About 1,500 historical and contemporary photographs from Africa.

Smithsonian Institution Research Information System Gives access to thousands of images of African Americans.

Smithsonian Photography Initiative A selection of images from the Smithsonian Institution's 19 museums and galleries, nine research centers, and the National Zoo. A search for 'Africa' gives access to almost 500 historical and contemporary photographs of Africans and African Americans.

Songs Without Words by the State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, epresents anti-lynching drawings published in African American newspapers during the 1880s and 1890s. The exhibit makes available hard-to-find images that African American editors and artists used to shape political consciousness before 1900.

Through the Lens of Time: Images of African Americans from the Cook Collection Digital collection of over 250 images of African Americans dating from the 19th and early 20th century selected from the George and Huestis Cook Photograph Collection at the Valentine Richmond History Center.

Carl Van Vechten Collection Close to 7,000 black and white photographs of African Americans and 1,884 color images.

Carl Van Vechten Color Photographs

Robert E. Williams Photographic Collection Robert E. Williams, an African-American photographer, operated a studio, R. Williams and Son, in Augusta, Georgia, from 1888 until around 1908. This collection consists of 86 glass plate negatives and positive prints of African Americans in the Augusta, Georgia area.

Winterton Collection of East African Photographs 1860-1960 Provides only a sample-101 images-of the richness of the 7,610 images in the Winterton Collection.

World Digital Library This multilingual site developed by the Library of Congress with the support of the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (Unesco) and 33 libraries makes available significant primary materials-books, manuscripts, maps, photographs, and others-from countries and cultures around the world.

Maps

16th to Early 20th Century Maps of Africa 113 antique maps of Africa and accompanying text dating from the mid 16th Century to the early 20th Century. All scanned maps are authentic and originally collected by the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies (or the Africana Library) at Northwestern University.

Afriterra This database currently contains more than 1,400 historical maps focused on Africa.

Caribmap: A Cartographic History of the West Indies Numerous historical maps, mostly from the 1500s to the 1600s.

David Rumsey Map Collection Focuses primarily on cartography of the Americas from the 18th and 19th centuries, but also has maps of Africa, Oceania, Asia and the world. The collection includes atlases, globes, school geographies, books, maritime charts, and a variety of separate maps, including pocket, wall, children's, and manuscript. Close to 16,000 items.

Library of Congress Map Collections Covering 400 years of map making. Seven theme categories: Cities and Towns, Conservation and Environment, Discovery and Exploration, Cultural Landscape, Military Battles and Campaigns, Transportation and Communication, and General Maps.

World Map Collections Maps of the Caribbean document trade routes, the colonial past, and a multi-cultural West Indian heritage. Maps of Africa as found by European slave-traders and colonizers. Ancient kingdoms can be seen mapped along-side European territorial claims.

Selected Sources for 17th to 19th Centuries Black History and Cultures

Aframerindian Slave Narratives Presents more than 100 narratives by people of mixed African/Indian ancestry. Culled from the WPA interviews of formerly enslaved people.

The African-American Experience in Ohio Photographs, manuscripts, newspapers, pamphlets, serials.

Afro-Louisiana History and Genealogy 1718-1820 Background of 100,000 enslaved men, women, and children who were brought to Louisiana in the 18th and 19th centuries.

American Journeys American Journeys contains more than 18,000 pages of eyewitness accounts of North American exploration and Settlement. Search for Africans, slaves, blacks.

Anti-Slavery Literature Full texts of 19th century articles, pamphlets, and orations in the United States.

A Tale of Two Plantations. This site displays research into the lives of 431 enslaved people in seven multi-generational families at Mesopotamia plantation in  Jamaica and Mount Airy plantation in Virginia.

Beneath the Underground Railroad: The Flight to Freedom and Communities in Antebellum Maryland All types of records, runaway advertisements, maps, censuses, prison records, inventories, etc.

Black Abolitionists Archives Speeches and editorials of some 300 black abolitionists.

Black Archives mid-America Kansas Photos, letters, documents on the African-American experience in Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, and Oklahoma.

Black Loyalists in Canada Personal accounts, letters, official documents, and proclamations, including the Book of Negroes that lists the African Americans evacuated from New York at the end of the Revolutionary War.

Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938 This Library of Congress collection contains more than 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery and 500 black-and-white photographs of former slaves.

The Church in the Southern Black Community, 1780-1925 This compilation of printed texts from the libraries at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill traces how Southern African Americans experienced and transformed Protestant Christianity into the central institution of community life.

Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System Provides basic facts on 230,000 African American Union soldiers.

Colored Conventions The University of Delaware offers primary sources and teaching tools on the 19th century  local and national "Colored Conventions."

Digital Archeological Archive of Comparative Slavery Designed to foster inter-site, comparative archeological research on slavery throughout the Chesapeake, the Carolinas, and the Caribbean. The database contains a wide array of information from multiple archaeological sites where enslaved Africans and their descendants once lived and worked.

Documenting the American South by The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill provides access to entire books, images, and audio files related to southern history, literature, and culture, including slave narratives.

Frederick Douglass Papers The bulk of the material spans 1862 to 1895. The Speech, Article, and Book File series contains the writings of Douglass and his contemporaries in the abolitionist and early women's rights movements. Scrapbooks document Douglass's role as minister to Haiti and the controversy surrounding his interracial second marriage.

First-Person Narratives of the American South A collection of diaries, autobiographies, memoirs, travel accounts, and ex-slave narratives written by Southerners. The majority of materials in this collection are written by those Southerners whose voices were less prominent in their time, including African Americans, women, enlisted men, laborers, and Native Americans.

Freedmen and Southern Society Project Sample documents to explain how black people traversed the bloody ground from slavery to freedom between the beginning of the Civil War in 1861 and the beginning of Radical Reconstruction in 1867.

Freedmen's Bureau Reports, labor, and marriage records of the Bureau which supervised all relief and educational activities relating to refugees and freedmen, including issuing rations, clothing, and medicine.

From Slavery to Freedom: The African-American Pamphlet Collection, 1822 to 1909 Presents 396 pamphlets from the Rare Book and Special Collections Division, published from 1822 through 1909, by African-American authors and others who wrote about slavery, African colonization, Emancipation, Reconstruction, and related topics. The materials range from personal accounts and public orations to organizational reports and legislative speeches.

The Geography of Slavery in Virginia Full transcriptions and images of more than 4,000 advertisements for runaway slaves and indentured servants, drawn from newspapers in Virginia and Maryland, covering the years from 1736 through 1803.

The Gilder-Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance and Abolition Offers over 200 individual digitized items, including speeches, letters, cartoons and graphics, interviews, and articles.

Letters from Liberia Numerous letters from Liberian settlers to former owners in the United States.

Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection Numbering over 10,000 titles, May's pamphlets and leaflets document the anti-slavery struggle at the local, regional, and national levels.

Monticello Plantation Database This website contains information about people who lived in slavery on Thomas Jefferson's Virginia plantations. It provides access to a database of information on over 600 individuals: details of life span, family structure, occupation, and transactions like purchases and sales.

Daniel A. P. Murray Collection Presents a review of African-American history and culture, from the early 19th through the early 20th centuries. The 351 titles include sermons; annual reports of charitable, educational, and political organizations; and college catalogs and graduation orations from the Hampton Institute, Morgan College, and Wilberforce University.

North American Slave Narratives Books and articles, includes all the existing autobiographical narratives of fugitive and former slaves published as broadsides, pamphlets, or books in English up to 1920. Also included are many of the biographies of fugitive and former slaves and some significant fictionalized slave narratives published in English before 1920.

Parliament and the British Slave Trade 1600-1807 Paintings, illustrations, political cartoons, petitions, bills, acts, debates, evidence, objects, and letters.

Race and Slavery Petitions Project Includes approximately 3,000 petitions, and 20,000 pages of documentary evidence, principally from seven states (Delaware, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia). The database by The University of North Carolina at Greensboro gives the names, status (slave or free), and color of petitioner[s], subject of petition, and other data.

Roll of Emigrants to Liberia 1820 to 1843 Gives information on names, ages, education, occupations and family status of African-Americans settlers in Liberia. Plus 1843 Census.

Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies, 1812 to 1834 Information available on these records includes: name of owner, parish of residence, name, gender, age, and nationality of enslaved individuals.

Slave Revolt in Jamaica. This animated thematic map narrates the spatial history of the 1760-61 Jamaican insurrection. It suggests an argument about the strategies of the rebels and the tactics of counterinsurgency, and about the importance of the landscape to the course of the uprising. 

Slaves and the Courts, 1740 to 1860 This Library of Congress sites contains over a hundred pamphlets and books. Search by keywords or browse the subject index.

Slave Voyages Rich and detailed database of 35,000 slave voyages; with latest estimates on numbers, and places of origin of the Africans deported through the Transatlantic Slave Trade.

Songs Without Words by the State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, is a digital exhibit of anti-lynching drawings published in African American newspapers during the 1880s and 1890s. It makes available hard-to-find images that African American editors and artists used to shape political consciousness before 1900. 

The Randolph Linsly Simpson Collection Presents a vivid picture of black life and American racial attitudes from the 1850s to the 1940s: more than 400 formal studio portraits of politicians and bankers, cowboys, workmen, families, men in military service, emancipated children, and carnival performers.

Gerrit Smith Broadside Collection Smith was one of New York State's most notable abolitionists and social reformers. Access to 214 broadsides and pamphlets.

The Valley of the Shadow Digital archive of primary sources that document the lives of people in Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania, during the era of the Civil War. Presents thousands of original documents.

Virginia Emigrants to Liberia Includes a searchable database of nearly 3,700 emigrants and nearly 250 Virginia emancipators; a timeline of relevant events and documents between 1787 and 1866; a compilation of important related sources, and links to related research websites and news of Liberia today.

Voices from the Days of Slavery The almost seven hours of recorded interviews presented here took place between 1932 and 1975 in nine Southern states. Twenty-three interviewees, born between 1823 and the early 1860s, discuss how they felt about slavery, slaveholders, coercion of slaves, their families, and freedom.

Selected Sources for 20th to 21st Centuries Black History and Cultures

Africa Focus: Sights and Sounds of a Continent More than 3,000 slides, 500 photographs, 50 hours of sounds from 45 different countries, as well as a large number of difficult to find texts that librarians, scholars, and other subject specialists have deemed important to these fields of study.

The Affirmative Action and Diversity Project Articles and theoretical analyses, policy documents, current legislative updates, and an annotated bibliography of research and teaching materials.

African-American Richmond: Educational Segregation and Desegregation Fourteen oral history interviews conducted in 1992 by Virginia Commonwealth University students with African Americans residing in the Richmond metropolitan area.

African Activist Archives Preserves records and memories of activism in the United States against colonialism, apartheid, and social injustice from the 1950s through the 1990s. The site features 900 documents, plus photographs, poster, buttons, audio and video recordings.

African-American Sheet Music, 1850 to 1920 This collection consists of 1,305 pieces of African-American sheet music dating from 1850 through 1920. The collection includes many songs from the heyday of antebellum black face minstrelsy in the 1850s and from the abolitionist movement of the same period.

America From the Great Depression to World War II, 1939 to 1945 Color photographs include scenes of rural and small-town life, migrant labor, and the effects of the Great Depression.

American Black Journal Originally titled Colored People's Time, the program went on the air in 1968 as a televised public forum for African Americans during a time of racial turmoil. Numerous interviews, round-table discussions, field-produced features, and artistic performances. Provides the visual and audio context of key debates and discussions surrounding African-American history, culture, and politics.

American Communities Project These pages offer information and analyses of how the racial and ethnic composition of metropolitan areas has shifted in the last 10 years, and how increasing diversity is experienced at the level of local neighborhoods. Detailed data for all cities with a population of more than 10,000 in 2000.

Anti-Apartheid Struggle in South Africa Archive of videos taken in South Africa in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The raw footage documents anti-apartheid demonstrations, speeches, mass funerals, celebrations, and interviews with activists. Videos capture the activism of trade unions, students and political organizations.

Romare Bearden Papers This Smithsonian Archives of American Art collection includes biographical information, correspondence, writings by and about artist Bearden, miscellaneous legal and financial material, photographs, drawings, and printed material. Numerous letters referring to African-American arts movements of the 1960s and 1970s, including exhibitions, publications, associations, and scattered letters of a more personal nature. More than 2,200 items.

Booknotes Online archive for C-SPAN's author interview program. Search under Civil Rights, Race, and Gender for about 140 videos and transcripts.

The Church in the Southern Black Community, 1780 to 1925 This compilation of printed texts from the libraries at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill traces how Southern African Americans experienced and transformed Protestant Christianity into the central institution of community life.

Civil Rights Documentation Project Access to 40 oral history transcripts, plus all the transcripts from the Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive.

Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive Transcripts of dozens of oral histories.

W. E. B. Du Bois Resources on the life and legacy of W.E.B. Du Bois at University of Massachusetts, Amherst: photographs, essays.

Marcus Garvey and UNIA A multimedia site of UCLA International Institute African Studies Center exhibiting a research project on the life of Marcus Garvey and his Back To Africa Movement.

Migration Policy Institute The 'Data Hub' showcases the most current national and state-level demographic, social, and economic facts about immigrants to the US; as well as stock, flow, citizenship, net migration, and historical data for countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania.

Palmer C. Hayden Papers The collection of this African-American painter contains biographical material, including 32 diaries documenting Hayden's daily activities, scattered correspondence relating to art sales and Hayden's work for the Works Progress Administration, printed material, 47 sketchbooks compiled over a period of almost 40 years, and photographs of Hayden and his artwork. More than 4,000 items.

The History Makers The site contains several hundred videotaped oral history interviews of African Americans from all walks of life. Each is approximately two hours in length.

Jacob Lawrence and Gwendolyn Knight Papers Correspondence of the painter and his wife with friends, artists, students, school children, art schools, galleries, museums, and others. Also found are writings by Lawrence and others, newsclippings, exhibition catalogs and announcements, press releases, brochures, books, photographs of Lawrence, Knight, and Lawrence's artwork. More than 9,900 items.

Library of Congress Webcasts More than 500 webcasts relating to African Americans, Africa, and the Caribbean.

Malcolm X Project Comprehensive collection of digital media about Malcolm X, featuring video interviews with people who knew Malcolm, government documents, and archival footage.

National Visionary Leadership Project Oral history of African-American leaders in politics, the arts, and entertainment.

Online Archives of California Facilitates and provides access to materials such as manuscripts, photographs, and works of art held in libraries, museums, archives, and other institutions across California. More than 1,100 photographs and 448 texts relating to African Americans.

Oral Histories of the American South About 340 audio clips and transcripts on the African-American experience.

The Randolph Linsly Simpson Collection Presents a picture of black life and American racial attitudes from the 1850s to the 1940s: more than 400 formal studio portraits of politicians and bankers, cowboys, workmen, families, men in military service, children, and carnival performers.

Richmond's Church Hill Oral History Transcripts of 35 oral history interviews conducted in 1982 that were part of a project to document the history of Richmond's historic Church Hill neighborhood. Interviewees were born between 1890 and the 1920s.

The Sidi Project focuses on the Sidis, African-descended communities of India and Pakistan. Historical background and photographs of present-day Sidis. 

Smithsonian Archives of American Art Started in 1958 to document the history of the visual arts in the United States, primarily through interviews with artists, historians, dealers, critics, and administrators. Access to the transcripts of more than 650 African-American artists' oral histories.

The Nathaniel C. Standifer Video Archive of Oral History: Black American Musicians Contains approximately 150 videotaped interviews. It concentrates primarily on interviews with black musicians who have made highly significant contributions to musical genres of African-American origin or influence.

Henry Ossawa Tanner Papers The papers of the expatriate African-American painter include scattered biographical, family, and legal materials; 27 folders of correspondence with family, friends, patrons, and galleries; writings and notes by Tanner and others; a small amount of printed material; numerous photographs of Tanner, his studio in Paris and home in Normandy, his family, friends, fellow artists, and his artwork. Upward of 2,400 items.

Television News of the Civil Rights Era 1950-1970 Video archive featuring more than 30 hours of unedited historical news film chronicling the civil rights struggle in several southern cities. TV clips, oral histories, documents.

U.C. Berkeley Library Social Activism Sound Recording Project: The Black Panther Party Primary source media resources related to social activism and activist movements in California in the 1960s and 1970s.

United Nations Resolutions All resolutions from 1946 to 2006.

Voices of Civil Rights Thousands of personal stories and oral histories of the Civil Rights Movement, forming the world's largest archive of personal accounts of civil rights history.

Booker T. Washington's Papers Provides full access to thousands of pages that comprise Washington's 14-volume printed work.

West African Online Digital Library Provides access to seven galleries of photographs, interviews, and documents that highlight traditions, cultures, and histories from Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, and Mauritania.

Useful Tools

African Studies Thesaurus A structured vocabulary of 12,100 English terms in the field of African studies. Includes the names of countries and regions, ethnic groups, African languages, African polities, and political parties in Africa.

The Black Population in the United States Detailed tables by the Census Bureau. Family size, marital status, occupations, money income, and other variables.

Historical Census Browser Censuses from 1790 to 1960 from state level to census tract. All decades contain information on race and gender. Later decades have many variables, including ancestry, literacy, and income variables.

Immigration Statistics Various statistics. In particular, The Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, a compendium of tables provides data on foreign nationals who were granted lawful permanent residence, were admitted into the United States on a temporary basis, applied for asylum or refugee status, or were naturalized every year.

Our Documents Presents 100 milestone documents in American history, including the Constitution, the Missouri Compromise, Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Emancipation Proclamation, the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, the Voting Rights Act, etc.