Design by the Book

The Great Difficulty in Assigning a Subject Heading is to Get the Pleased Expression

When choosing where to place an image among our 12,000 or so subject headings in the Picture Collection, we often feel like the painter in this comic from 1919. We have to entertain the many different themes of the picture to find its best fit.

Comic strip called “The Great Difficulty in Child Portraiture is to get the Pleased Expression.”
“The Great Difficulty in Child Portraiture is to get the Pleased Expression.” Source: Picture Collection, Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, NYPL


This Punch Magazine  comic was drawn by George Stampa, a regular Punch contributor who often chose children and animals as his subjects. As you can see from the handwriting on the border, this image is located in our "Artists" subject file here at NYPL. But, it could have also been placed under a variety of other subject headings: "Children-Cartoons", "Paintings-Process", "Cartoons (subdivided by century or artist)", or "Portraits-Drawings and Prints".

This image of Mrs. Rabbit and her children being painted by a centipede is from the September 14, 1911 issue of the satirical humor magazine Life. It has similar themes to Stampa's comic, but is located in our "Animals - Rabbit" file.

Mrs. Rabbit
Source: NYPL Digital Collections, Image ID: 823447


But, Mrs. Rabbit could also have been filed under "Artists, Cartoons (subdivided by century or artist)", "Painting-Process", or "Animals as Human". In our physical location, unless we have two copies of an image, we can only choose one subject category in which to file a picture. However, within the Library’s Digital Collection, a picture can be tagged with many different subjects. For example, this one has been assigned topics of "Painting", "Rabbits", "Animals in Human Situations", and "Centipedes".

The Extinct Animals
"The Extinct Animals." Illustrated London News, December 21, 1853. Source: Picture Collection, Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, NYPL


And, while you may think a picture of a dinosaur would be an easy image for which to choose a subject, we don’t even have a file called Dinosaurs. That subject would be "Extinct Fauna - Reptiles" to us. But, of course, this picture could also be placed within the subjects of "Models", "Monsters", or "London-Crystal Palace", where these dinosaur models were on exhibit.

When we don't have the luxury of the Digital Collection, how do we choose just one subject heading for an image? We weigh several factors including the dominant feature of an image, the popularity of a theme included in the picture, how many items we have in a certain subject compared to another, patron requests for more pictures of a certain subject, and whether we have more than one copy of the image.

While the subject headings give an overview of the richness of the collection, the subject terms assigned to pictures are often different from what you would expect. If you have any questions or need assistance, please consult the staff in the Picture Collection, who are always happy to help you locate files with pictures on the topic of your choice.

 

Comments

Patron-generated content represents the views and interpretations of the patron, not necessarily those of The New York Public Library. For more information see NYPL's Website Terms and Conditions.
Given what you wrote regarding assignment of subject headings to NPL Picture collection, I hope you will have read W. Ryan Dodge's blogpost at this link: https://blog.usejournal.com/https-medium-com-wrdodger-unpacking-260-000-visitor-photos-at-the-royal-ontario-museum-e35a51aa9f6b because I found it fascinating. Now, because I was a cataloguer years ago, especially fascinated by subject headings even then, it strikes me that the museum visitors who want to learn more about dinosaurs as a result of visiting a museum, snapping selfies with a tyrannosaur, is going to have trouble using the NPL's access points to learn more from the NPL Picture collection. That seems very sad. Louise

Thanks for the referral to

Thanks for the referral to Dodge's really interesting blogpost from the Royal Ontario Museum, Louise. The use of tags on digital images is a great way to access a digital image from many different points of interest in a picture. Our digital collection (digitalcollections.nypl.org) allow for multiple subject entry points (tags). The article points out that the Google Cloud Vision API also picks the most distinct feature of the image (e.g. Architecture) as the main entry into the image, which is similar to how we categorize pictures in the physical Picture Collection at NYPL. If a visitor needs assistance finding dinosaurs or selfies or anything else in the Picture Collection or in NYPL's Digital Collections, don't worry, we always have a librarian in the room who can help with her research. Also, if you want to find NYPL's Picture Collection on social media --- Twitter/Facebook @artpicturenypl; Instagram @NYPLPictureCollection